Water Conservancy Solution – Safety Monitoring of Reservoir Dams
As an important component of the water conservancy project system, the safe operation of small and mediumsized reservoirs is directly related to major people's livelihood issues such as flood control and disaster reduction, water resource allocation, and ecological environment protection. Reservoir monitoring, as an important means to grasp the safety status of reservoirs, is a prerequisite for achieving scientific scheduling and safe operation. Therefore, continuously improving the level of automated safety monitoring of reservoirs and injecting stronger 'sense of security' into reservoirs through technological power has become an important task in the field of current water conservancy management. By deploying intelligent monitoring equipment at key parts of the reservoir, it can closely monitor every drop of seepage and sense every slight deformation, providing accurate data support for the safety monitoring and assessment of reservoir projects. This effectively supports the reservoir in playing a key role in flood interception, peak shaving, andscheduling, and truly ensures the safety of people's lives and property and the sustainable development of social economy.
The reservoir safety monitoring system is an intelligent management system that integrates data collection, transmission, analysis, and early warning. For example, the Huace Navigation Dam Safety Monitoring System applies emerging technologies such as phase interference measurement technology, edge computing technology, low-power technology, Internet of Things technology, and cloud computing technology, and carries out application innovation. It integrates equipment such as GNSS, synthetic aperture radar, drones, unmanned boats, and intelligent sensors to achieve real-time monitoring of numerous monitoring elements such as surface displacement of the dam body, internal displacement, phreatic line, rainfall, stressstrain, cracks, sluice gates, and hydraulic structures. It ensures effective data transmission through diversified communication methods such as 4G/Beidou/ORAN/fiber optics. Through the multi-source data fusion monitoring platform for dams, it realizes multiproject management, data visualization analysis, professional data analysis and calculation, and remote online management of equipment, providing users with convenient and efficient project safety management means.
In fact, a complete reservoir safety monitoring system consists of a reservoir dam safety monitoring system, an automatic rain and water situation monitoring system, a video monitoring system, a database, an application support platform, and a business application system. Among them, the reservoir dam safety monitoring system includes parts such as deformation monitoring, seepage pressure monitoring, and seepage flow monitoring, while the automatic rain and water situation monitoring system includes parts such as meteorological monitoring, water level monitoring, flow monitoring, and water quality monitoring.
In terms of the reservoir dam safety monitoring system, deformation monitoring is the core link of reservoir dam safety monitoring. It uses advanced equipment such as GNSS monitoring allinone machines to monitor the deformation of the dam body such as displacement and settlement, structural inclination changes in real time, and also monitors the stress and strain inside the dam, thereby accurately evaluating the stability of the dam body. This section will focus on the detailed application of the H7 integrated power-supplied GNSS monitoring station and Shoujing Z8 in deformation monitoring.
In terms of equipment selection, following the principles of reliability, durability, practicality, and accuracy, the surface deformation monitoring system of the reservoir selects the Huace H7 integrated powersupplied GNSS monitoring station. The H7 is a variable frequency perception multi-parameter ultra-low power consumption integrated Beidou displacement monitoring station specially developed by Huace Navigation for monitoring scenarios. It adopts an integrated design, integrating solar panels and batteries, with an overall weight of less than 3kg, greatly improving the on-site installation efficiency, more than 30% higher than traditional equipment. The monitoring station uses new power control technology and embedded system sleep-wake-up technology, which, while ensuring no loss of power performance, has strong processing performance, realizing the working mode of adaptive trigger tracking monitoring. Under no sunlight conditions, its standby time exceeds 90 days, effectively coping with various complex environments, making disaster hidden dangers have nowhere to hide.
The H7 is equipped with a newly upgraded fivestar sixteenfrequency board and a highsensitivity MEMS module. By fusing multisource data algorithms and supporting frontend solution, the monitoring data is more accurate and the response is more timely. At the same time, its anti-interference and environmental adaptability are greatly enhanced. Whether facing harsh weather conditions or complex electromagnetic environments, it can operate stably to ensure data reliability.
From the technical specifications, the tracking channels of the H7 are very comprehensive, covering GPS L1, L2, L5, GLONASS L1, L2, BDS B1, B2, B3, and SBAS L1. In terms of environmental adaptability, the operating temperature range is from -40 to 75 degrees, storage temperature is from -40 to 85 degrees, waterproof and dustproof rating reaches IP68, and it can work normally in an environment with 99% humidity without condensation, fully meeting the strict environmental requirements for field monitoring of reservoir dams.
The Shoujing Z8 LiDARfusion multipoint displacement monitor also plays an important role in reservoir dam deformation monitoring. It uses advanced LiDARfusion technology to accurately monitor multipoint displacement of the dam body, ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of dam deformation monitoring data from multiple dimensions.
In the automatic rain and water situation monitoring system, meteorological monitoring mainly monitors the meteorological conditions around the dam, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. By analyzing these meteorological data, the operating environment of the dam can be accurately evaluated, providing reference for reservoir scheduling and management, ensuring that the reservoir can operate safely under different meteorological conditions.
Water level monitoring uses radar water level monitors, which can monitor the water level changes of the reservoir in real time, ensuring that the water level remains within a safe range and effectively preventing safety risks caused by operation beyond the water level. This instrument has advantages such as high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, and no interference from external environments, providing reliable data support for reservoir water level management.
Flow monitoring uses radar ultrasonic flow meters to monitor the inflow and outflow of the reservoir. By real-time mastering the water volume changes of the reservoir, it provides accurate data support for reservoir scheduling and operation management, enabling managers to adjust the operation strategy of the reservoir in a timely manner according to water volume changes, ensuring the water balance and safe operation of the reservoir.
Water quality monitoring monitors water quality indicators of the reservoir in real time through water quality monitors, such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, etc. This not only ensures the ecological environment of the reservoir but also provides security for residents' domestic water and industrial water use, achieving rational utilization and protection of reservoir water resources.
The video monitoring system uses network cameras for video image collection and transmission to monitor the onsite conditions of the main dam, spillway, sluice gates, etc. in real time. Managers can intuitively understand the operating conditions of various key parts of the reservoir through the video monitoring system, promptly discover abnormal situations and take corresponding measures, improving the efficiency and safety of reservoir management.
Building a comprehensive reservoir database is used to manage basic, realtime, and account information. The database can centrally store, manage, and analyze the massive data collected by the reservoir monitoring system, providing data support for reservoir safety assessment, scheduling decisions, and operation management, and realizing the informatization and intelligence of reservoir management.
Setting up management software at the reservoir area management station and irrigation district management center to realize data viewing and remote supervision. Through the application support platform, managers can view reservoir monitoring data and operating conditions anytime and anywhere, realizing remote management and control of the reservoir, improving the convenience and efficiency of reservoir management.
Building a comprehensive reservoir business application system, including a comprehensive database, application support platform, operation management system, mobile application system, and background management system. This system integrates all links of reservoir management, realizes data sharing and business collaboration, and provides strong technical support for the comprehensive management and scientific decisionmaking of reservoirs, promoting the development of reservoir management towards intelligence and informatization.
In summary, the intelligent monitoring system of small and mediumsized reservoirs realizes comprehensive and realtime monitoring and management of reservoir safety status through the collaborative work of various subsystems. With the continuous progress of science and technology, this system will be continuously improved and upgraded to provide stronger guarantees for the safe operation of small and mediumsized reservoirs and play a more important role in flood control and disaster reduction, water resource management, and ecological environment protection.